Moreover, the performance of LIBs applied to grid-level energy storage systems is analyzed in terms of the following grid services: (1) frequency regulation (2) peak shifting (3) integration with renewable energy sources and (4) power management. In this perspective, the properties of LIBs, including their operation mechanism, battery design and construction, and advantages and disadvantages, have been analyzed in detail. Among several battery technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit high energy efficiency, long cycle life, and relatively high energy density. Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-level energy storage systems because of their rapid response, modularization, and flexible installation.
In the electrical energy transformation process, the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization.
